《英语国家概况》模拟试卷（二）
考试时间150分钟) (英语专业)I. Direction: Read the following unfinished statements of questions carefully. For each unfinished statement of question four suggested answers A; B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your answer sheet (25%)
1. There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
2. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses of which the most important matters could be seen in three of the following except _______.
A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council;
B. no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the land
C. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges
D. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country.
3. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ________ modified and improved the design in 1765.
A. Abraham Darby
B. James Watt
C. John Kay
D. Richard Arkwright
4. In some areas factory farming methods are used, particularly for ________.
A. growing crop
B. producing milk
C. catching fish
D. rearing poultry
5. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.
A. Prime Minister
B. Member of Parliament
C. Lord of Appeal
D. Speaker of the House
6. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty, Britain established _______ with dominion status in Ireland in 1921.
A. the Anglican Church of Ireland
B. the Irish Free State
C. the Irish Republican Army
D. the Anglo - Irish Intergovernmental Council
7. Irish broadcasting began in ______ in a small studio called Dublin Broadcasting Station.
A. 1906
B. 1916
C. 1926
D. 1936
8. _______ realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery.
A. Frederick Douglass
B. George Washington
C. John Adams
D. Abraham Lincoln
9. But even after the abolition of slavery, organized or individual discrimination was practiced against ______.
A. Chinese - Americans
B. American Indians
C. Japanese - Americans
D. black Americans
10. From 1948 to 1966 average yearly growth in real spendable earnings was ______ percent in the United States.
A. 1.1
B. 2.1
C. 3.1
D. 4.1
11. After a period of prosperity (1920 ~ 1929), government involvement in the economy increased _________.
A. during the Great Depression
B. after the WW I
C. after the WW II
D. during the Cold War
12. The United States grows nearly _____ of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.
A. one third
B. one fourth
C. one sixth
D. one seventh
13. Through the Department of _____, the President is responsible for the protection of Americans abroad and of foreign nationals in the United States.
A. State
B. Justice
C. Labor
D. Defense
14. The community college embodies ________ belief that an education should be practical as well as liberal.
A. George Washington's
B. Thomas Jefferson's
C. Abraham Lincoln's
D. Franklin Roosevelt's
15. The exploratory voyage made by ______ brought to a close to an era of European discovery of Australia that had lasted nearly two hundred years.
A. Arthur Philip
B. Mathew Flinders
C. Port Jackson
D. Peter Lalor
16. After the outbreak of the First World War, Australia followed Britain's lead and declared war on ________.
A. Japan
B. Turkey
C. Italy
D. Germany
17. The European discovery of Canada can be traced back to the end of the ______ century.
A. 14th
B. 15th
C. 16th
D. 17th
18. Northern provinces and territories tale up _____ of Canada.
A. half
B. two thirds
C. one third
D. four fifths
19. In New Zealand, hydroelectricity from rivers and dams supplies ________ of total energy.
A. 15%
B. 16%
C. 17%
D. 18%
20. In the United States, Halloween is night - time ______ holiday.
A. children's
B. men's
C. women's
D. old men's
21. Australia is generally divided into the following three topographical regions except _____.
A. the Great Western Plateau
B. the Outback
C. the Eastern Highlands
D. the Central Eastern Lowlands
22. In Britain the succession order of the Crown can be altered only by common consent of _____.
A. all members of the royal family
B. the House of Lords and the House of Commons
C. cabinet and ministry
D. the countries of the Commonwealth
23. New Zealand is the world's largest exporters of ________.
A. lamb
B. expertise
C. honey
D. potatoes
24. Today _____ is Ireland's most influential daily.
A. the Irish Press
B. the Irish Independence
C. the Irish Times
D. the Irish Daily
25. In the United States, _____ is a leading commercial crop in the South.
A. cotton
B. tobacco
C. peanut
D. apple
II. Directions Read each of the following statements carefully and see if it is true of false. Put T if you think it is true of F if you think it is false in the corresponding space on you answer sheet. (15%)
1. ______ William Walworth launched the Peasant Revolt of 1381 in England.
2. ______ In the English Civil War, the Puritans were not the King's opponents.
3. ______ The Chartists could be roughly divided into two groups: the Moral Force Chartists and the Physical Force Chartists.
4. ______ In Britain, changes of Government do not involve changes in departmental staff, who continue to carry out their duties whichever party is in power.
5. ______ The British criminal law presumes the innocence of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.
6. ______ As committed to the goal of a united Ireland, Dublin refuses to negotiate a settlement of the problem of Northern Ireland with London.
7. ______ After the abolition of slavery, organized or individual discrimination was never practiced against black Americans.
8. ______ When the Korean War broke out in June, 1950, Truman sent the 7th Fleet to the Taiwan Straits to prevent the PLA from liberating Taiwan.
9. ______ Canada possesses rich and vast natural resources which are significant in the Canadian economy.
10. ______ The rich green mountains and valleys make New Brunswick Nova Scotia, Prince Edward island, and Newfoundland the most beautiful in Canada.
11. ______ The minerals and energy industry is supplementary to the Australian economy.
12. ______ Captain Matthew Flinder's exploratory voyage to Australia between 1802 and 1803 brought a close to an era of European discovery.
13. ______ In 1995, about 14% of the US population lived under the poverty line.
14. ______ In 1948, Ireland voted itself out of the British Common wealth.
15. ______ Formal education in the United States consists of elementary, secondary and higher education.
III. Directions: For each of the following blanks, only one word is suitable. Write the word in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (25%)
1. The England Civil War not only overthrew _____ in England, but also undermined the feudal rule in Europe.
2. Two of the most important literary writers of the late 17th Century England were _____ and _____. Both were Puritans.
3. During the WW II, the leaders of the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain met at ______, _______ and _______ conferences.
4. The American War of Independence show that a ______ nation can defeat a _______ one.
5. Canada's early economic development was founded on a number of resource - based ______: fishing, forestry, _______ and mining.
6. Britain is a welfare state which is funded out of ______ and ______.
7. The government education departments _____ education policies and are also responsible for the ________ and training of teachers.
8. The South's lending industries are those that make use of the _______ supply of natural resources and _____ materials.
9. The Senate serves a term of _____ years, and every two years, _______ of the Senators stands for re - election.
10. Fianna Fail continues to demand that the British be withdrawn from ______ but it opposes the use of violence to achieve this goal.
11. Australia's two territories are Australian Capital Territory and ________.
12. Australia's rural children can learn their lessons through a radio educational system called _____.
13. According to the Treaty of Waitangi, if Maori owners wanted to sell _______, only the Crown had the right to ______.
14. Mrs. Thatcher's government used both _____ and _______ policies to improve the efficiency of the British economy in the 1980's.
15. In 1885 ________ was completed and the country was linked from coast to coast.
16. Ireland is a ______ republic and a unitary state under the 1937 Constitution.
17. The highest peak of Britain is ______. It is about ________ meters high, located in the Highlands of Scotland.
18. ________ is the largest and most populous of the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain.
19. In the 1770s _______ visited New Zealand and claimed it for England.
20. The New York Stock Market crash of 1929 marked the beginning of ________.
21. By 1918 car _______ had reached 2.5 million, which showed the United States was on the way to becoming a nation on ______.
22. The Paris Conference ending the First World War was dominated by the Big Four: the United States, _______, France, and _______.
23. Many of Canada's earliest settlements were founded by fur traders and _______.
24. Besides the Great Lakes, Canada is also endowed with three "inland seas", known as _______, Lake Winnipeg and ________.
25. In the UK, the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House becomes _______, with is one leader, and forms a ________.
26. The Governor - General of a Commonwealth state is appointed by the Queen on the advice of ______ of the country concerned and completely independent of the British Government.
27. In 1453 England was at last defeated in the ______ Years War. At that time power in England was in the hands of a number of rich and ______ nobles.
28. During the First Civil War of the England Bourgeois Revolution, those who stood on the side of the king were called ________ and those who supported the Parliament were called ______ because of their short haircuts.
29. The legislative body in the province of Quebec is called the "National Assembly" while in Newfoundland it is called ________.
30. Canadian law has its source in ______ and judicial _____, and also in British "common law".
31. During World War II, Australian women took over the _______ left vacant by men who were engaged in the _______ effort.
IV. Directions: Explain the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (15%)
1. Thatcherism
2. diversity of American education
3. the Canadian Shield
4. Australia's service industries
5. the New Deal
V. Directions: Give a brief answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (12%)
1. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main monition ranges, rivers and lakes in the United States.
2. How many constituencies are there in Britain today?
How many members are there in the House of Commons?
3. What were the effects of European settlement on the Aborigines?
4. Sinn Fein
VI. Directions: Write between 100 ~ 150 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (8%)
1. Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties in the United States today?
全国高等教育自学考试模拟试卷(二)
英语国家概况参考答案
I.
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. D
10. B
11. A
12. B
13. A
14. B
15. B
16. D
17. B
18. D
19. C
20. A
21. B
22. D
23. A
24. C
25. A
II.
1. F
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. T
6. F
7. F
8. T
9. T
10. T
11. F
12. T
13. T
14. F
15. T
III.
1. the feudal system
2. John Bunyon, John Milton
3. Teheran; Yalta; Potsdam
4. strong
5. industry; agriculture
6. contributions national insurance, taxation
7. formulate; supply
8. abundant; raw
9. one, one third
10. Northern Ireland
11. Northern Territory
12. School of the air
13. land; buy
14. macreconomic, microeconomic
15. the Canadian Pacific Railway
16. Parliamentary
17. Ben Nevis; 1,3000
18. England
19. Captain James Cook
20. the Great Depression
21. registration; wheels
22. Britain; Italy
23. trappers
24. Great Bear Lake; Great Slave Lake
25. the Opposition, Shadow cabinet
26. the ministers
27. Hundred, ambitious
28. Cavaliers, Roundheads
29. House of Assembly
30. Acts; decisions
31. jobs, wars
IV.
1. Thatcherism
The election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It included the return to private ownership of state - owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order.
2. diversity of American education
Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education. This can be seen not only in type, size and control of the institutions, but educational policies and practices. As is stated by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, education is a function of the state, not the federal govemment. As each state has the freedom to develop its own school system and delegates its power over education to local districts, many variations can be found in the education system of the 50 states.
3. the Canadian Shield
The Canadian Shield is a semicircular band of rocky highlands and plateaus around Hudson Bay from the northern shores of Quebec to the Arctic shores of the Northwest Territories. It is a region of rounded hills, and tens of thousands of lakes and swamps.
4. Australia's service industries
Service industries are also called "tertiary industy". This sector now includes an additional "quaternary" level, which covers the research, processing and storage of information. Australia's service sector is the fastestgrowing one. It has been growing in importance, due to higher living standards and greater demand for more and better transport and housing, and the expansion by government of educational, health and welfare services.
5. the New Deal
In order to deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of American economy.
V.
1. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main monition ranges, rivers and lakes in the United States.
There are two main mountain ranges in the United States. They are the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains. There are many important rivers in the United States. The Mississippi River and its two branches, the Missouri River and the Ohio River, flow south to the Gulf of Mexico. On the Pacific side there are two great rivers: the Colorado River and the Columbia River. The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States. Other well known rivers include the Hudson River which meets the Atlantic Ocean at New Yurk and the Potomac boarding the national capital of Washington. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lade Michigan.
2. How many constituencies are there in Britain today?
How many members are there in the House of Commons?
To hold general elections, Britain is divided into 651 constituencies, each of which returns one member to the House of Commons. There are 651 members in the House of Commnos.
3. What were the effects of European settlement on the Aborigines?
White settlement in 1788 proved disastrous for the Aborigines. (1) Aboriginal culture and society were totally disrupted because of a total conflict of cultures. (2) The loss o land to white people led to the breakdown of their tribal life because Aboriginal culture was based on the land. (3) After losing their land, Aborigines became dependent on white handouts. They copied the European habit of drinking alcohol, which destroyed large numbers of Aborigines. (4) The whites also brought many diseases which the Aborigines had no resistance to. (5) All these, combined with the violence between Europeans and Aborigines resulted in the drastically reduction in Aboriginal population. The Aborigines have always been in unfavorable position ever since 1788. The Aborigines still face legal, political, economic and social discrimination today.
4. Sinn Fein
Sinn Fein was the Irish guerrilla movement that wrested independence from the British in 1921. It spit in 1921 over the Anglo - Irish Treaty and became two parties, Fianna Fail and Fine Gael, which remains to be the two major political parties in Ireland today.
VI.
1. Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties in the United States today?
There nave been four periods in the history of the two - party system in the United States.
(1) During the Ratification period, the first two major parties appeared. They were the Federalists and the Anti - Federalists. After the adoption of the Bill of Rights, the Anti - Federalists began to call themselves Democratic - Republicans. The Federalists gradually disintegrated. (2) After the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson, the Democratic - Republican Party split. The main faction led by Jackson was called the Whig Party which formed in 1834. As the struggle over slavery intensified, the majority of the Whig Party, part of the democrats, and other anti - slavery elements formed the Republican Party in 1854. (3) From 1860s to 1920s, the Republican Party dominated the political scene. (4) From the time of President Franklin Roosevelt to the 1980s, the Democratic Party was dominant, with short interruptions.
Traditionally, the Democrats support government intervention in the economy and a strong social security system. While the Republicans stress the role of the market more and oppose large government social security programs. But the two parties are not really very different. They both believe in individualism, defend capitalism and uphold private ownership of means of production. Their organizations are both very loose. But they are both very significant in political life.