亲子关系影响孩子的教育学习
The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought, a report suggests.
萨顿信托基金会的一份报告指出，良好的亲子关系对孩子日后的教育学习影响重大，远超以往预期。
The Sutton Trust study says children's early attachment to parents has far-reaching consequences for their ability to speak, learn and think.
Parents who are insecure themselves find it harder to provide children with security, it says.
And the report calls for more help so parents can develop such crucial bonds.
The study focuses on the application of the theory of attachment - a key theory in child development and psychology.
This says the degree to which children are secure and resilient as they grow up depends on their own early experiences with their mothers and fathers and how they have bonded.
But the report from the Sutton Trust education charity, entitled Baby Bonds, makes the case that it has an important impact on children's future educational chances as well as their emotional well-being.
It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries.
The trust argues that although psychologists have been aware of attachment theory, it has not been seen by policy makers as a key influence on educational attainment. And it asks them to take this into account.
The report says when babies and toddlers do not form these strong parental bonds - known as secure attachment - they are more likely to exhibit poor language and poor behaviour before they reach school.
And it cites international studies which suggest this continues late into life, with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training.
They are also more likely to suffer from aggression, defiance and hyperactivity later in life.