失眠人群大脑的可塑性更强
最新研究显示，比起睡眠良好的人，失眠人群大脑的可塑性可能更强。
Unable to sleep at night? It has now been medically shown that insomnia（失眠） may be caused by an overactive brain, according to a new sleep study conducted by Dr. Rachel Salas, assistant professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and head author of the new research project.
Salas stated in the report from their research in Sleep Journal that insomniacs have more active brains than sound sleepers, and the disorder is not something that occurs only at night. Insomnia is "more of a 24/7 disorder," she said. "The light switch is continually on."
Originally, Salas assumed that deep sleepers had more plastic and attentive brains. She explained that brain plasticity is how easily neural pathways can be tailored by experience and adapt to change. Salas set up a sleep study including 28 participants: 18 who suffered from chronic insomnia for more than a year and 10 people with no trouble sleeping.
Each subject was given 65 electrical pulses to the brain using transcranial（经颅的） magnetic stimulation (TMS), targeting a specific point in the motor cortex. The researchers focused on stimulating involuntary movements of each person's thumb and then asked volunteers to move their thumbs for 30 minutes in the opposite direction (without electromagnetic currents) as the uncontrolled reaction caused by the experiment.
The volunteers were then pulsed a second time to see if their brains had learned to move their thumbs in the new direction. If the thumbs twitched in the new path, it showed that the brain was adaptable to change.
Salas assumed that because lack of sleep has been associated with decreased memory and concentration during the day, the brains of the sound sleepers would be more easily trained. Ironically, the opposite was true. The results showed that plasticity was more prevalent in the brains of individuals with insomnia. Salas' report also found a link between increased plasticity and amplified excitability. So basically, insomniacs have more ongoing brain activity than deep sleepers.
More research still needs to be done in order to learn more about why insomniacs have a more active brain and are able to acclimate easier to modifying the thinking process. Salas stated that the increased metabolism, cortisol levels, and constant worrying symptoms that occur in individuals with insomnia may be linked to plasticity in some way. Unfortunately, there is not one single treatment that works for all people with sleep deprivation issues.
Many people have tried numerous different types of methods including therapy, sleeping pills, and Eastern medicine, but none of these have produced conclusive results that is a definite solution to the problem. Insomniacs have even turned to "sleep whisperer" Ilse Blansert’s controversial phenomenon known as Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) for help.
Salas said she hopes to conduct a more in depth sleep study to find treatments for the hyperactive brain to alleviate those who suffer from insomnia. Although there is not currently a "cure" for insomnia, Salas believes that TMS could prove to reduce excitability（兴奋性） for people with the disorder.