English Story

英语指导:中考考点被动语态

  一、被动语态用于以下几种情况

  1. 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。如:

  Many new buildings are built in our city.

  2. 强调动作的承受者。如:

  The wounded man has been sent to a hospital.

  3. 动作执行者有比较长的修饰语。如:

  The person was supported by those who wished to have a chance to make friends with him.

  4. 出于礼貌,不愿说出动作的执行者。如:

  You are requested to attend the party.

  二、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别

  1. 系表结构中的过去分词是表示主语的特征或状态;而被动结构则是表示主语是动作的承受者。试比较:

  Our building is surrounded with the trees.(系表)

  The film is usually showed on Sunday.(被动)

  2. 系表结构不能带有by引导的短语;而被动结构中可以用by引导的短语引出动作的执行者。试比较:

  The book is well written. (系表)

  The book was written by Lu Xun.(被动)

  三、使用被动语态应注意的几点

  1. 带双宾语的主动结构的句子,变为被动语态结构时,只能将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍要保留。如果保留的是间接宾语,要在间接宾语之前加上介词to或for.如:

  We are taught English by her.或English is taught to us by her.

  2. 主动语态中的不带to的动词不定式作宾补变为被动语态时,要加上不定式符号to.如:

  The boss made him work over twelve hours a day.

  He was made to work over twelve hours a day.

  3. 短语动词用于被动语态应作为一个整体,不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。如:

  The meeting has been put off.

  4. 有些及物动词和及物动词短语(多表示“静态”)不能用于被动语态,常见的有have, cost, lack, last, own, hold, fit, agree with等。

  5. 有些不及物动词以主动形式表示被动意义,常见的有cut, wash, write, sell等。如:

  The shirt washes well.